Thermal Loss Characteristics of Exposed Hydraulic Motors in Polar Ships: A Thermodynamic Analysis Based on Experiments and Simulation

JING Xueqi; CHEN Yan; WANG Pinhao; ZHONG Yutong; GONGYuning; XIN Yuqiao; WEN Haiming; ZHANG Dayong

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.011

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Equipment Environmental Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5) : 92-101. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.011

Thermal Loss Characteristics of Exposed Hydraulic Motors in Polar Ships: A Thermodynamic Analysis Based on Experiments and Simulation

JING Xueqi¹, CHEN Yan¹, WANG Pinhao¹, ZHONG Yutong¹, GONGYuning¹, XIN Yuqiao¹, WEN Haiming¹, ZHANG Dayong^1,2,*

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Abstract

The work aims to quantify the effects of key environmental factors on the thermal loss of exposed deck hydraulic motors in polar ships, identify the dominant parameter governing their heat dissipation behavior, and provide theoretical support for optimizing the thermal management design of exposed decks in polar regions. An integrated methodology combining field tests with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was adopted. Firstly, field tests were performed under simulated polar low-temperature conditions to acquire key operational parameters of the hydraulic motor. Secondly, a steady-state heat transfer model was developed with the measured oil temperatures as boundary conditions. Then, this model facilitated a systematic analysis of how ambient temperature (ranging from -60 ℃ to 0 ℃), wind speed (0-50 m/s), and hydraulic oil temperature (-20 ℃ to 20 ℃) affected the heat dissipation process. The simulation results demonstrated significant positive correlations of wind speed, ambient temperature, and oil temperature with the heat dissipation intensity. Wind speed emerged as the most affecting factor. Increasing the wind speed from 0 to 50 m/s amplified the heat dissipation rate by approximately 26.67 times. Comparatively, lowering the ambient temperature from 0 ℃ to -60 ℃ increased dissipation by a factor of 8.73, while raising the oil temperature from -20 ℃ to 20 ℃ resulted in a 5.04-fold enhancement. Furthermore, the surface temperature distribution was non-uniform, with the square region consistently exhibiting higher temperatures than the circular region, yielding a maximum observed difference of 2.1 ℃. Wind speed is identified as the dominant factor controlling the heat dissipation of hydraulic motors in polar environments. Its increase not only substantially elevates the heat loss magnitude but also shifts the dominant heat transfer mode from natural convection toward forced convection. The heat dissipation performance curves and prediction model established based on numerical simulation can provide an effective tool for predicting thermal losses under diverse operating conditions.

Key words

polar ships / hydraulic motor / deck machinery / thermal dissipation / field test / numerical simulation

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JING Xueqi, CHEN Yan, WANG Pinhao, ZHONG Yutong, GONGYuning, XIN Yuqiao, WEN Haiming, ZHANG Dayong. Thermal Loss Characteristics of Exposed Hydraulic Motors in Polar Ships: A Thermodynamic Analysis Based on Experiments and Simulation[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(5): 92-101 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.011

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